Mark Liu

Stepper motors cannot achieve infinite speed change, but they can achieve a certain degree of speed change by changing the step angle and driving method.   1. Working principle of stepper motor A stepper motor is a motor controlled by different phases, which can achieve precise positioning and rapid acceleration and deceleration. The principle is to make the motor rotor rotate according to a fixed step angle under the changing phase sequence modulation. The movement of a stepper motor is discrete and can only produce a fixed step distance and cannot achieve seamless and continuous rotation. 2. Definition and implementation of infinitely variable speed Continuously variable speed refers to achieving stepless speed change by changing the motor output torque and speed. It can achieve very delicate adjustments, so that the motor's speed and torque can be seamlessly switched, and almost any change can be achieved. There are two main ways to achieve infinite speed: ... Continue reading →

1. Use Screw A common method of converting the rotary motion of a stepper motor into linear motion is to use a screw. Attaching a stepper motor to a threaded shaft that interacts with a nut-like positioner converts rotational motion into linear motion. 2. Use Guide Rails Another common method is to use guide rails. The guide rail can convert the rotational motion transmitted by the stepper motor into linear motion. Guide rails are usually made of metal rods or similar materials that ensure continuity and stability of linear motion. Guide rails can be used in many industries, including robotics, CNC machine tools and medical equipment. 3. Use Belt The third method is to use straps. By attaching a stepper motor to a pulley and wrapping a strap around the pulley, rotational motion can be converted into linear motion. This method requires ensuring tight contact between the strap and the wheel at all times, and using appropriate tensioners to maintain strap tightness and normal movement. ... Continue reading →

The brushless DC motors with gearboxes are advanced motors that is consist of a bldc motor and a gearbox. It uses electronic commutation instead of traditional mechanical commutation. It has the advantages of high efficiency, reliability, low noise, and long life. The structure of the brushless DC geared motor is more complex than that of the brushed DC geared motor, but its performance and efficiency are higher. It detects the position of the rotor through the sensor and transmits the position signal to the driver. The driver controls the current direction of the motor based on the position signal, realizes electronic commutation, generates a magnetic field, and drives the rotor to rotate. DC brushed geared motor is also a common motor type, which consists of a DC motor and a reducer. This kind of motor has the advantages of simple structure, easy control, and low cost. Therefore, in some applications with simple functions, or on the premise that it can meet the ... Continue reading →

1. Introduction to the five wires of brushless DC geared motor ‌Positive power wire (+5V)‌: This wire provides the working voltage for the motor. It is usually red in color and is used to control the transmission of signals to ensure the normal operation of the motor. ‌Power supply negative wire (-5V) or ground wire (GND)‌: As the reference point of the circuit, all signal wires and power wires will be connected to this wire to protect the circuit and other wires from electric shock. Usually the color is black or brown . ‌Signal wire (yellow wire and blue wire)‌: These two wires together form a two-way signal, which is used to improve the accuracy and stability of control. They are related to the number of revolutions of the rotor, and the voltage changes in the opposite direction, providing a signal of the motor speed to the controller. ‌Hall sensor power wires (+5V and GND)‌: These wires provide power to the Hall sensor and ... Continue reading →

1. What is a Stepper Motor? Stepper motor is a commonly used precision motor that can rotate at a certain angle through pulse signals. Stepper motors are widely used in a variety of automation fields, including control systems, photographic equipment, and medical equipment. 2. Characteristics of Stepper Motors 2.1 High precision Stepper motors can achieve very high positioning accuracy when stopped, so they can be used in applications that require high-precision control and positioning. 2.2 Stability The output speed of the stepper motor can be very stable, which ensures that it can maintain a relatively constant output torque under load. 2.3 Good low speed adjustment performance Stepper motors can achieve very small angle control, which also makes speed control very precise, especially when running at low speeds. 3. Output Torque of Stepper Motor The output torque of stepper motor includes static torque and dynamic torque. 3.1 Static torque The static torque ... Continue reading →

1. Working principle of stepper motor A stepper motor is a motor that converts electrical energy into rotational motion. It converts electrical signals into mechanical motion. The motor is controlled through a driver to achieve precise position control and speed control. There are two control methods for stepper motors: open-loop control and closed-loop control. Among them, open-loop control means that the controller sends instructions to the stepper motor, and the motor rotates according to the instructions; closed-loop control adds a feedback system for monitoring and adjustment based on open-loop control, improving accuracy and stability. 2. The connection between stepper motor and brake A brake is a device that converts kinetic energy into heat or other forms of energy, which can reduce or stop the movement of a vehicle or machinery. In some cases, it is necessary to stop mechanical equipment or vehicles at a precise position. In this case, electronic brakes or electronic locking ... Continue reading →

1. Basic principles and characteristics of stepper motors A stepper motor is a precision motor that can accurately control position according to a preset number of steps. The working principle of a stepper motor is to use magnetic field rotation to control the position and speed of the rotor. It consists of stator, rotor, drive circuit and sensor. Whenever the drive circuit gives a pulse signal, the rotor will rotate at a certain angle according to the set number of steps. Stepper motors have the advantages of precise control and high positioning accuracy, and are widely used in robots, CNC machine tools, electronic equipment and other fields. 2. Can stepper motors be powered by batteries? The answer is yes. Stepper motors can be powered by batteries, but you need to pay attention to whether the voltage and current of the battery meet the requirements of the stepper motor. The voltage and current of stepper motors are generally relatively large, so a suitable battery needs to be ... Continue reading →

1. The relationship between stepper motors and relays are controlled electronically to achieve precise position control and motion control. The stepper motor can be directly connected to the power supply and the rotation is controlled by controlling the voltage, so in theory there is no need to use a relay. However, in actual use, it is necessary to use relays in some cases. For example, when a larger current needs to be used to start or stop a stepper motor, a relay can be used to provide auxiliary control of the motor. In addition, if direct control of the stepper motor will have a negative impact on the main control board or high level, using a relay can play a role in isolation and protection. 2. Matters needing attention 2.1 When selecting a relay, you need to consider that the rated voltage and current of the relay must match the actual voltage and current of the stepper motor, otherwise it will easily cause failure to operate normally. 2.2 A suppression circuit ... Continue reading →

Stepper motor inductance is a crucial parameter that influences motor performance. Its primary functions are as follows:   1. Energy Storage   When voltage is applied to the motor, the inductance stores energy, generating a magnetic field. Upon voltage removal, the inductance releases energy, sustaining the magnetic field's decay for a period.   Limiting Current Change Rate   Inductance impedes abrupt current changes. According to Lenz's law, when current changes, the inductance generates a counter-electromotive force (CEMF) that opposes the current change. This is essential for stepper motor control as the motor requires rapid current direction changes to achieve stepping motion.   Impacting Motor Response Speed   Inductance reduces the motor's response speed to control signals. This is because the inductance takes time to store and release energy. For high-speed applications, choose motors with lower inductance to enhance response speed. ... Continue reading →

The resistance value of a stepper motor has a significant impact on its performance, including current, heat generation, torque, and speed. Therefore, selecting the appropriate resistance value is crucial. Here are some principles to consider when selecting resistors for stepper motors:   1. Determine the Appropriate Resistance Value Based on Motor Voltage and Current   The resistance value of a stepper motor can be calculated using the following formula:   R = U / I   Where: R: Resistance value (unit: ohm) U: Motor voltage (unit: volt) I: Motor current (unit: ampere) When selecting the resistance value, ensure that the motor current does not exceed its rated current. Otherwise, the motor may overheat and damage.   2. Determine the Appropriate Resistance Value Based on Motor Torque and Speed Requirements   The relationship between motor torque and speed with the resistance value is as follows:   Torque is directly proportional to current and ... Continue reading →

When a stepper motor gets hot, it loses steps and fails to rotate. Under no-load conditions, the following may be the reasons:   Excessive load or stuck: If the motor load is too large or the motor bearings are stuck, it will cause the motor controller to continuously output current, causing the motor to overheat, and it will easily lead to loss of steps and the motor not rotating.   Drive circuit problems: Unreasonable drive circuit design or unstable drive voltage will cause the motor to heat up and affect its normal operation.   Poor heat dissipation of the motor shell: When working in a high temperature environment for a long time, poor heat dissipation of the motor will cause the motor temperature to be too high and easily damage the motor.   The stepper motor generates serious heat: The stepper motor itself generates a certain amount of heat due to its working principle. However, if the motor heats up severely, there may be a problem with the motor's ... Continue reading →

1. IP65 DC stepper motor DC stepper motors with protection class IP65 have a high degree of dust and water tightness and are suitable for some special working areas, such as production halls, sewage treatment plants, etc. This type of motor has a tightly sealed housing that can prevent the ingress of dust, sand and splashing water, and has the ability to adapt to harsh environments. 2. IP67 DC stepper motor The DC stepper motor with IP67 protection has a fully enclosed structure, is waterproof, can work underwater and is dustproof. This type of motor is generally used in applications that require long-term operation in harsh environments. These include rain and snow weather, swamps, hot springs and other places. 3. IP68 DC stepper motor The IP68 DC stepper motor is a fully enclosed, waterproof structure that can completely isolate the ingress of water molecules and will not be damaged even if immersed in water for a long time. such as underwater detection and other fields.   4. ... Continue reading →

1. Structure of brushless DC motor Brushless DC motors are a complex mechanical system composed of multiple parts. Its main components include the motor body, rotor, stator, bearings, end covers, magnets, encoders, drivers, etc. 1.1 Motor body: The motor body is the core part of the brushless DC motor and usually consists of two parts: the rotor and the stator. The rotor can be an inner rotor or an outer rotor, which is composed of magnetic poles, shafts, bearings, etc.; the stator is the fixed part of the motor and is composed of coils, iron cores, and motor brackets. 1.2 Rotor: The rotor is the rotating part of the motor, which consists of permanent magnets, shafts and other components. The permanent magnets of the inner rotor are located inside the rotor, while the permanent magnets of the outer rotor are located outside the rotor. 1.3 Stator: The stator is the directional component of the motor. It is composed of coils and iron cores and is the immovable ... Continue reading →

1. Commutation principle of brushless DC motor Brushless DC motors are an electric motor with multiple permanent magnets on its rotor and multiple sets of windings on its stator. The speed and direction of the motor are controlled by controlling the direction and size of the current through an electronic speed regulator. Since the brushless DC motor does not require a mechanical commutator, it can achieve the advantages of high efficiency, low noise, and long life. However, when the speed is high, the load is large, or the load changes suddenly, the reverse direction of the commutation current is required, otherwise the motor will not work properly. The commutation principle of the brushless DC motor is to use the Hall sensor or electric speed regulator inside the motor to control the direction and magnitude of the current, thereby realizing the commutation of the motor. 2. Commonly used brushless DC motor commutation methods 2.1 Hall sensor commutation Hall sensors for brushless DC ... Continue reading →

Firstly, you can perform the following steps to troubleshoot the problem: 1. Double-check all the wiring. You may need to refer to the manuals of both the stepper motor and driver. Note: It's better to test the motor and driver separately instead of installing them in your production equipment to eliminate other interfering factors. Note: The wire colors in the picture are for display only. For the actual correct wiring sequence, please refer to the motor drawing ! 2. Check if the power voltage and signal voltage of the driver are correct. In particular, make sure the signal voltage set by the driver matches the voltage provided by the controller. According to our feedback records, 40-50% of the motors do not turn because of this reason. Because the control signal voltage is 5V, and the driver defaults to 24V. 3. Try disconnecting the ENA+/- interface if you have connected it. 4. Power on the driver without sending any pulse signals and check whether the motor is locked. ... Continue reading →

Stepper motors are known to vibrate or resonate at certain speeds, especially at low speeds. At low speeds, the motor's motion is more like a stepper, with the motor's rotor tending to oscillate back and forth between each step. This oscillation causes mechanical resonance in the motor components such as the rotor, shaft and bearings. Resonance can cause the motor to vibrate, resulting in loss of torque and precision. For a given stepper motor, its resonance problem is difficult to eliminate, but there are some methods to reduce the vibration to a certain extent. 1. Stay away from the resonance zone Since the motor only exists in a certain resonance area, the motor should be avoided to run near the resonance area. When the motor accelerates from a lower resonance area, it should accelerate as fast as possible, away from the resonance area, and reduce vibration. 2. Increase the subdivision of the driver The larger the subdivision, the smaller each step of the motor will ... Continue reading →

In electrical equipment such as stepper motors, closed-loop motors, and servo motors, equipment using different insulation materials has different abilities to withstand high temperatures. Therefore, general motors have a maximum allowable temperature for their operation. Now let’s take a look at insulation materials and the temperatures they withstand. Class A insulation materials: including impregnated cotton yarn, silk, paper and other organic fiber materials, as well as enamel on ordinary enameled wires, etc., and are currently only used on transformers. The maximum allowable operating temperature is 105°C. The temperature rise of the wire group is 60℃, and the performance reference temperature is 80℃. Class B insulation materials: including mica, asbestos, glass fiber and other organic matter; materials and compositions made of organic paint or resin with improved heat resistance as a binder; enamel on polyester high-strength enameled wire; maximum allowable ... Continue reading →

1. The difference between inductive brushless motor and non-inductive brushless dc motor. The sense of brushless in refers to the "Hall sensor", so what is "Hall"? Hall refers to the Hall effect. Simply put, when the current is perpendicular to the external magnetic field through the conductor, there will be a potential difference between the two ends of the conductor perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field and the current. Through the Hall effect, it is easy to know whether the motor is running at high speed or low speed. It can be seen that the non-inductive brushless motor is a brushless motor without Hall sensor feedback, which indirectly detects the rotor position commutation through the voltage and current changes in the motor winding. 2. Inductive brushless motor and non-inductive brushless motor characteristics Inductive motor can know the position of the rotor when it is at rest, and the non-inductive motor needs to rotate to determine the ... Continue reading →

The structural differences are:   A linear motor, also called a linear motor, is a mechanical device that converts rotational motion into linear motion. From the perspective of motion principles, to convert a stepper motor from rotational motion to linear motion, the simplest design is to integrate the screw nut into the stepper motor, and realize the entire linear transformation inside the motor. This method greatly simplifies the entire structural design, and in many application fields can directly use linear motors for precise linear transmission without installing external mechanical linkage devices. The basic principle is to install a nut in the center of the rotor of the linear motor, and accordingly use a screw rod to mesh with the nut. In order to move the screw rod forward and backward, some method must be used to prevent the screw rod and the rotor assembly from rotating together. Since the rotation of the screw is constrained, the screw achieves linear motion when the ... Continue reading →

Encoders, reducers, brakes, and other configurations are added to stepper motors to enhance their performance, range of applications, and other aspects of their design. So what exactly is a stepper brake motor? The purpose of the so-called braked stepper motor is to equip the stepper motor's tail with a brake mechanism. The braking device separates from the stepper motor output shaft when the motor is powered on, enabling the motor to function normally. The brake is also powered on when the stepper motor is. The brake releases forcefully to grasp the motor shaft when the power is cut off. Learn why it's important to start and stop a stepper motor frequently to make sure it's locked or powered on when it's not. What are brake stepper motor characteristics? Stepper motors can precisely convert electrical energy into mechanical energy to achieve angular or linear displacement. They are powered by electromagnetic force. It responds rapidly, rotates smoothly, and steps with ... Continue reading →