Types of steel sheet piles

Steel sheet support is mainly a structure that uses steel sheet piles as support structural materials to support and retain foundation pits. Steel sheet piles can be reused, which not only saves construction materials, but also is easy to operate, fast in construction, and can ensure the safety performance of the entire project. They are widely used in foundation pit support, embankment protection or retaining walls and other fields.

Steel sheet piles are mainly divided into six types according to the cross-sectional type: U-shaped steel sheet piles, Z-shaped steel sheet piles, straight-edge steel sheet piles, H-shaped steel sheet piles, tubular steel sheet piles and AS-shaped steel sheet piles. During the construction process, steel sheet piles with different cross-sectional types need to be selected according to the engineering conditions and cost control characteristics.

1. U-shaped steel sheet piles
Larsen steel sheet piles are a common type of steel sheet piles. Its cross-sectional form presents a "U" shape, consisting of a longitudinal thin plate and two parallel edge plates.

Advantages: U-shaped steel sheet piles have rich specifications and models. According to the actual situation of the project, more economical and reasonable sections can be selected to achieve optimization in engineering design and better reduce construction costs; and the U-shaped section has a stable shape, is not easy to deform, has a strong bearing capacity, can withstand large horizontal and vertical loads, and is suitable for deep foundation pit projects and river cofferdams. Disadvantages: U-shaped steel sheet piles require large piling equipment during construction, and the equipment cost is high. At the same time, due to its special shape, the splicing and extension construction is cumbersome, and its scope of use is small. 2. Z-shaped steel sheet piles Z-shaped steel sheet piles are another common type of steel sheet piles. Its cross-section is "Z" shaped and consists of two parallel thin plates and a longitudinal connecting thin plate. Advantages: Z-shaped steel sheet piles can be spliced ​​and extended, which is suitable for projects that require a longer length; The structure is compact, has good water tightness and impermeability, and is more prominent in bending resistance and bearing capacity. It is suitable for projects with large excavation depths, hard soil layers, or that need to withstand high water pressure. Disadvantages: The bearing capacity of steel sheet piles with Z-section is relatively weak, and they are prone to deformation when encountering large loads. Because the joints are prone to water leakage, additional reinforcement is required.

3. Right-angle steel sheet piles
Right-angle steel sheet piles are steel sheet piles with a right-angle cross-section. It is usually composed of two L-shaped or T-shaped sections, which can achieve a greater excavation depth and stronger bending resistance in some special cases.

Advantages: Steel sheet piles with right-angle cross-sections have strong bending resistance and are not easy to deform when encountering large loads. At the same time, they can be disassembled and used multiple times, which is more flexible and convenient during the construction process. They are suitable for marine engineering, offshore dams and docks.

Disadvantages: Steel sheet piles with right-angle cross-sections are relatively weak in compressive resistance and are not suitable for engineering projects that withstand large lateral pressure and extrusion pressure. At the same time, due to their special shape, they cannot be spliced ​​and extended, which limits their scope of use.

4. H-type steel sheet piles
The steel sheet rolled into H-shape is used as a support structure, and the construction speed is fast in foundation pit excavation, trench excavation, and bridge and culvert excavation.

Advantages: H-section steel sheet piles have a larger cross-sectional area and a more stable structure, with higher bending stiffness and bending and shear resistance. At the same time, they can be disassembled and used multiple times, which is more flexible and convenient during construction.

Disadvantages: H-section steel sheet piles require the use of larger piling equipment, vibrating hammers, etc. for construction, which has a high construction cost. In addition, their special shape and weak lateral stiffness make the pile body easy to tilt to the side with weaker stiffness during piling, which is easy to cause construction bending.

5. Tubular steel sheet piles
Tubular steel sheet piles are a relatively rare type of steel sheet piles. They have a circular cross-section and are made of a thick-walled cylindrical thin plate.

Advantages: This cross-sectional form makes the circular steel sheet piles have good compressive resistance and bearing capacity, and can perform better than other types of steel sheet piles in certain specific occasions.

Disadvantages: The side resistance of the soil encountered by the circular section during the settlement process is greater than that of the linear section. When the stratum is too deep, it is easy to curl or sink poorly.

6. AS-type steel sheet pile
It has a specific cross-sectional shape and installation method, suitable for specially formulated engineering projects, and is widely used in Europe and the United States.

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