2 methyl 2 butene is a trisubstituted olefin

Chemical insights into the larger sooting tendency of 2 methyl 2 butene compared to n-pentane
2 methyl 2 butene has recently been reported to be a quorum-based volatile self-inhibitor of spore germination and growth in pathogenic Mucorale Rhizopus arrhizus. The present study aimed to elucidate if this compound can influence R. arrhizus biofilm formation and interspecies interaction. The compound was found to significantly decrease R. arrhizus biofilm formation (p < 0.001), with nearly 25% and 50% lesser biomass in the biofilms cultured with exposure to 4 and 32 µg/ml of 2 methyl 2 butene, respectively. The growth of pre-formed biofilms was also impacted, albeit to a lesser extent. Additionally, 2 methyl 2 butene was found to self-limit R. arrhizus growth during interspecies interaction with Staphylococcus aureus and was detected at a substantially greater concentration in the headspace of co-cultures (2338.75 µg/ml) compared with monocultures (69.52 µg/ml). Some of the C5 derivatives of this compound (3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-2-butanol, and 3-methyl-1-butyne) were also observed to partially mimic its action, such as inhibition of spore germination, but did not impact R. arrhizus biofilm formation. Finally, the treated R. arrhizus displayed changes in fungal morphology suggestive of cytoskeletal alterations, such as filopodia formation, blebs, increased longitudinal folds and/or corrugations, and finger-like and sheet-like surface protrusions, depending upon the concentration of the compound(s) and the planktonic or biofilm growth mode.
2 methyl 2 butene is a trisubstituted olefin which is mostly used as a precursor for peroxyacetyl nitrate. It can be prepared by the acid-catalyzed dehydration of 3-methyl-2-butanol. It has 3 alkyl groups on the double bond.
An especially interesting C5 fuel is 2 methyl 2 butene, a branched alkene that features a very specific chemical structure with nine allylic Csingle bondH bonds. The combustion chemistry of 2 methyl 2 butene has only been investigated recently in experiments and by model calculations [16], [17], [30], [40], [41]. The branched nature of this fuel is interesting with regard to combustion aspects such as anti-knocking tendencies and octane sensitivity [40]. 2 methyl 2 butene can also serve as a model compound for larger hydrocarbons with unsaturated and branched structures. To the best of our knowledge, only one mechanism for the combustion chemistry of this fuel has been reported [40] until now to address its low-temperature oxidation, without paying specific attention to pollutant formation, and especially, formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and soot.

The present study closes this gap and improves the detailed understanding of the reaction behavior of 2 methyl 2 butene by extending the applicable range to higher temperatures. Specifically, this paper is devoted to describe a newly developed mechanism and to identify the important initial carbon growth reactions in a 2 methyl 2 butene flame [16] compared to a flame fueled by the linear and saturated n-pentane for which we present a newly measured speciation data set. Starting from previously validated mechanisms [15], [49], [50], [51], [52], [53], reaction coefficients and their temperature dependencies have been updated as detailed in this paper. New reaction rates were included in this study using analogies to values reported in the literature.

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