What are the types and functions of T cells in immunity.

T cells, also known as T lymphocytes, are a specific type of white blood cells (WBCs) that play a crucial role in the adaptive immune response of the human body. They help protect the body from various pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, and diseases. T cells also maintain immunological balance in the body, but their dysfunction can lead to autoimmune or inflammatory disorders. In human body T cells and B cells play a major role in modulating immune responses. Nowadays, researchers focus on advanced studies of T cell isolates from blood to better understand the pathophysiology of immunological diseases, cancers, infectious diseases, and more. 

Functions of T cells in immunity regulation:

T cells play a critical role in defending the body against infections and diseases and are fundamental for the functioning and regulating of a healthy immune system. There are various T cell subtypes, and each has a distinct purpose.

• Helper T cells (CD4+): These cells aid in activating other immune systems components like B cells and cytotoxic T cells. Additionally, they create cytokines that control immune reactions.

• Cytotoxic T cells (CD8+): These cells obliterate cancerous or infected cells by attacking them directly.

• Regulatory T cells (Tregs): These cells specialize in suppressing immune responses and help in supporting immune system balance.

• Memory T cells are immune system components that "remember" previously encountered pathogens, enabling a quicker and more efficient response in the event of future infections.

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