Causes and types of cancers in human

Oncology is the medical discipline that deals with diagnosing, treating, and studying cancers. In this modern era, the incidence of cancer has increased tremendously due to various external and intrinsic factors. But what exactly is Cancer? According to the definition, Cancer is a condition where body cells grow and multiply uncontrollably, resulting in spreading to other body parts through the blood and lymph system. It can start anywhere in the body. According to epidemiological studies, cancer is the second leading cause of death and disability in the world.

Causes of Cancer: 

Several factors are known to cause cancer diseases. However, the exact reason for cancer is the mutation of DNA within cells. Genetic mutation results in the following mechanism to cause cancer:

• Stimulate abnormal growth and proliferation of abnormal cells

• Failure to stop uncontrolled cell growth due to mis regulated tumor suppressor genes.

• Make mistakes while repairing DNA errors.

Types of Cancer:  

Cancers can be classified according to the location where they start growing and the type of cancer cells. According to the location of origin, it is divided into lung cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, etc. At the same time, based on the cell type, it is divided into Five types as follows:

• Carcinoma: This type of cancer starts in the skin or tissues that line or cover internal organs. Adenocarcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and transitional cell carcinoma are some of the subtypes.

• Leukaemia: This is called white blood cell cancer. It begins in the bone marrow tissues that produce blood cells.

• Lymphoma and myeloma: These types of cancers affect the cells of the immune system

• Sarcoma: This cancer starts to grow in connective or supportive tissues like bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, or blood vessels. It is called soft tissue sarcoma.

• Brain and spinal cord cancers: These are referred to as central nervous system cancers.

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