What are the types of hepatitis, and why should we care?

Viral hepatitis refers to acute and chronic liver infection causing liver inflammation and hepatocellular damage.  It is caused by a group of hepatotropic viruses, namely, hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis D virus (HDV), hepatitis C (HCV), hepatitis E virus (HEV), and hepatitis G virus (HGV).

Types of Hepatitis Diseases:

Hepatitis diseases can affect anyone regardless of age and gender.  HAV and HEV are acute infections of the liver that are self-limiting and have low mortality rates. They are transmitted through contaminated food and water and confer lifelong immunity to the infected individuals.  However, hepatitis B and C infections can cause chronic liver infection, resulting in serious health consequences such as liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinomas, liver failures, and even death. Moreover, HDV and HGV are satellite viruses that frequently co-infect people who are infected with hepatitis B or C. Hepatitis B and C are therefore blood-borne infections that spread via blood and blood products primarily through blood transfusions, hemodialysis, and parenteral drug use. Also, type B and C infections can transmit through sexual intercourse and from the infected mother to the newborn.

Watch Out for Hepatitis Symptoms:

Being insidious viruses, viral hepatitis can slowly cause inflammation and scarring of the liver tissues and eventually lead to liver cirrhosis or liver cancer. The patient remains asymptomatic for years after becoming infected, while liver damage occurs silently. Otherwise, hepatitis symptoms will be minimal in the early stages. Generally, the illness begins with flu-like symptoms like headache, low-grade fever, myalgia, fatigue, and generalized malaise. Timely diagnosis and initiation of drug treatment are essential for controlling the disease symptoms and progression.

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