Parasitic Infection- Types, transmission, signs and symptoms

What are parasitic infections? 

Parasitic infections are a group of infections affecting humans and animals caused by tiny organisms called parasites that live inside larger hosts. Some parasites can multiply, grow inside their hosts' bodies, and even cause life-threatening illnesses. However, not every parasite is dangerous. Common human parasitic infections are predominantly caused by three organisms: protozoa, helminths, and ectoparasites. It includes, but is not limited to, the following:

• Protozoal infections: Malaria, cryptosporidiosis, amoebiasis, leishmaniasis, giardiasis, and trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease)

• Helminths infection: Ascariasis, enterobiasis, and trichuriasis 

• Ectoparasitic diseases: Scabies, pediculosis, Filariasis, and Lyme disease.

Parasitic diseases in humans have long been the leading cause of death worldwide, particularly in countries with middle- and low-income levels. Since it affects people of all ages and genders, serious public health issues are raised. Therefore, to stop the disease from spreading to other people and treat it, public health officials must enact public health measures.

Common signs and symptoms of parasitic infections?

Different parasitic infections manifest various signs and symptoms depending upon the type of infection and severity of the illness. However, common signs and symptoms experienced by the patient include, 

• Stomach or abdominal pain

• Diarrhoea

• Nausea or vomiting

• Bloating or gas

• Dysentery (loose stools including blood and mucous) 

• Itching or rashes at the vulva or rectum

• Stomach discomfort

• Tiredness 

• Weight loss

• Having worms in your faeces

How are parasitic infections spread?

Consumption of raw or undercooked meat or fish is the main vector for spreading parasite illnesses. Additionally, some diseases can be transmitted through animals, birds, or their excrement to humans through direct or close contact. Further, parasitic infections are spread by biting insects, including mosquitoes, ticks, bugs, flies, etc.

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